The U.S. central bank has slashed its benchmark interest rate to 2 percent currently from 5.25 percent since mid-September. This is in response to the housing and credit market crunch that has pushed economic growth down to minimal levels. The rate cuts, along with the federal tax rebate stimulus program, "should be sufficient to promote a step up to moderate economic growth later this year," Yellen said. She said the tax rebate checks should make a notable difference in the second and third quarters of this year.
Opposition to rate cuts within the FOMC has become increasingly pointed in recent months. Minutes from the Fed's April 30 policy meeting show that the directors of seven of the 12 regional Federal Reserve banks wanted to hold the discount rate -- that charged on direct Fed loans to banks -- steady at 2.5 percent. In the end, the Fed's board approved a quarter-point cut in the rate to 2.25 percent, matching a quarter-point cut in the fed funds rate. Financial markets suggest the FOMC will keep benchmark rates steady for now, before possibly starting to raise rates in the fourth quarter. Prospects for a quarter-percentage point rate increase in October are running at about 50 percent.